![]() Standards at this layer differ for different types of LANs, such as Ethernet or Token Ring. The Media Access Control (MAC) layer defines frame formats, LAN addresses, and standards for sharing the media. At the physical layer, data exist as bits that is, data are not logically grouped together, nor is there a concept of a “message.” Physical layer standards specify items such as voltages and connectors. A LAN's protocol stack consists of the specific layered standards that define its operational characteristics. LAN protocols, or standards, are defined on the first two layers of the Open Standards Interconnection (OSI) model-the physical and data link layers. Judy Wynekoop, in Encyclopedia of Information Systems, 2003 II. ![]()
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